The SH-AWD (Super-Handling All-Wheel-Drive) system is the first and only all-wheel-drive platform that distributes the optimum amount of torque not only between the front and rear wheels but also between the left and right rear wheels. The result is precise cornering performance that provides incredibly neutral steering and outstanding vehicle stability. Honda's SH-AWD system is unique in the industry. It does not have any center differential or any limited-slip differential. All the (...)

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A turbocharger is an exhaust gas-driven compressor used to increase the power output of an internal-combustion engine by compressing air that is entering the engine thus increasing the amount of available oxygen. A key advantage of turbochargers is that they offer a considerable increase in engine power with only a slight increase in weight. Principle of operation A turbocharger is a dynamic compressor, in which air or gas is compressed by the mechanical action of impellers, vaned rotors (...)

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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a NOx (nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide) reduction technique used in most gasoline and diesel engines. EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. Intermixing the incoming air with recirculated exhaust gas dilutes the mix with inert gas, lowering the peak combustion temperatures and (in diesel engines) reducing the amount of excess oxygen. Because NOx formation progresses much faster at high (...)

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An Engine Control Unit (ECU), also known as Engine Management System (EMS) is an electronic system, fundamentally a computer, that controls an internal combustion engine by reading several sensors in the engine and using the information to control its ignition systems ECUs allow greater fuel efficiency, better power and responsiveness, and much lower pollution levels than earlier generations of engines. Because the ECU is dealing with actual measured engine performance from millisecond to (...)

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A cold air intake is a system used to bring down the temperature of the air going into a car for the purpose of increasing the power of the internal-combustion engine. A secondary goal is to increase the appeal of a car by changing the appearance of a car's engine bay and creating an attractive intake noise. These aftermarket parts come in many different colors and many different sizes, and are an inexpensive way to increase performance. History Aftermarket company, K&N Engineering first (...)

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An exhaust system conveys burnt gases from an internal combustion engine and typically includes a collection of pipes. In the most basic sense, the exhaust system simply vents waste gases from the engine. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through a turbocharger to increase engine power, a catalytic converter to reduce air pollution, and a muffler to reduce noise. Manifold or header In most production engines, the manifold is an assembly designed to collect (...)

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Nitrous is a slang term for nitrous oxide (N2O), commonly used by drag racing classes like Pro Street, Top Sportsman, and Pro Mod. Nitrous oxide is an oxidizing agent used to increase an engine's power output by allowing for faster burning of a fuel (usually gasoline). Nitrous can be used with alcohol in the mud racing categories. Overview Nitrous oxide boosts engine performance in a number of ways, some of which are not fully understood. Its primary effect seems to be exerted through its (...)

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The camshaft is an apparatus used in piston engines to operate poppet valves. It consists of a cylindrical rod running the length of the cylinder bank with a number of oblong lobes or cams protruding from it, one for each valve. The cams force the valves open by pressing on the valve, or on some intermediate mechanism, as they rotate. The camshaft is an apparatus used in piston engines to operate poppet valves. It consists of a cylindrical rod running the length of the cylinder bank with a (...)

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The carburetor, carburettor, or carburetter also called carb (in North America) or carbie (chiefly in Australia) for short, is a device that mixes air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. It was invented by Hungarian scientists Donát Bánki and János Csonka in 1893. Carburetors are still found in small engines and in older or specialized automobiles such as those designed for stock car racing. However, fuel injection, first introduced in the late 1950s and first successfully (...)

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The Direct-Shift Gearbox (Direktschaltgetriebe) is a dual-clutch gearbox designed by BorgWarner and initially licenced to Volkswagen Group (which owns the Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, and Škoda brands). By using two clutches, fast shifts can be achieved, and the torque converter of a regular automatic transmission is eliminated. Essentially, the engine drives both clutch packs. The outer clutch pack drives gears 1, 3, and 5 (and reverse). The inner clutch pack (...)

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We've all heard of the ABS, but I don't know how many know how it works and what is it's purpose. In this article, I will try to explain as clearly as I can how the ABS concept works, what are its components and what are the ups and downs. Understanding the ABS Concept Ever got stuck on ice? If yes you have accelerated and realized that the cars doesn’t move at all. The part of the tire that is in contact with the ground is called skidding part. As you have already realized the (...)

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The airbag is a relatively new accessory implemented in cars. Originally designed and conceived for airplanes the inflating system was adopted by automakers also. It's role is to generate more safety for the driver and other occupants of a car in case of a collision. How does it work? The airbags are inflated cushions that fill up with air or light oxygen-based gas. They pop up through a designated are to soften the blow of an impact. Airbags are placed on the driving wheel, above the (...)

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