The new Chevrolet Cruze feature bold styling cues, with an arching roofline, sloping rear-pillars that give it a lean profile and a neatly styled rear deck providing upmarket and handsome good looks.

At the front, the large, sweeping headlamp units wrap around the nose of the car, while other design themes include a concave shoulder line, Chevrolet’s trademark two-tier grille and a restrained use of exterior trim, giving it a solid, unfussy appearance.

Inside, the car features a twin-cockpit design, with a distinct centre console dividing the front into separate areas for the driver and passenger – a styling cue taken from various iconic Chevrolet performance cars.

The new Cruze is being offered with three engines: four-cylinder, 1.6 and 1.8-liter gasoline engine and the more powerful 2.0-liter turbo diesel. The 1.6-liter engine (113hp) is fitted as standard for base and LS variants, while the 1.8-liter (141 hp) is standard for LT and optional for LS. Both are available with a five-speed manual gearbox or the new six-speed automatic transmission. The 2.0-liter turbo diesel is fitted to LT variants only and the 125 hp version will be offered for base and LS. Both these engines will be available only with manual transmission.

Full details after the jump.

2010 Chevrolet Cruze

Specifications
  • Make: Array
  • Model: 2010 Chevrolet Cruze
  • [do not use] Vehicle Model: Array

Press release

The all-new Chevrolet Cruze sedan raises the bar for design appeal, build quality and running refinement in Europe's compact value segment.

Backed by an anticipated high level EuroNCAP crash safety rating and an all-new powertrain line-up, Cruze also heralds the introduction of a new global design language for the Chevrolet brand.

"Chevrolet has always stood for value and Cruze delivers on that promise like never before," says Wayne Brannon, GM Europe Vice President, Chevrolet. "It redefines value with its design, quality, materials and great style inside and out."

Developed to satisfy European tastes in design and chassis performance, Cruze goes on sale in March and will spearhead the launch of a series of new products that share its design and quality standards. Quite simply, Chevrolet believes the introduction of Cruze has 'moved the goalposts' for products seeking to compete successfully in its segment.

Exterior Design


The multi-national design team, based in Korea with input from colleagues in Germany, the United States and Australia, were tasked with delivering an all-new compact, notchback sedan that will re-energize the Chevrolet brand.
 
"Our goal was to be revolutionary, not evolutionary," says Taewan Kim, Vice President of the GM DAT Design Center in Korea. Inside and out, the team has developed a new global design language for the Chevrolet brand, introducing fresh visual elements while leveraging the potential to express traditional, Chevy signature design cues in new ways.

An arching roofline, extending from the steeply raked windshield into the slim
rear pillars, is the defining exterior feature of Cruze. Combined with a relatively short rear deck, it brings four-door coupé-like looks to this market segment for the first time.

Wider and longer than its predecessor, Cruze has a well-planted, close-to-the-ground stance with its wheels located at the outer edges of the tautly drawn bodywork. A distinctive concave shoulder line flows along the sides of the car into the rear deck lid and is set to become a new signature Chevy design feature. The upscale visual appearance is also reinforced by clean, uncluttered bodywork free from moldings or trim.

The signature dual-port grille carries Chevy's gold bowtie with a new air of self-confidence. It is flanked by distinctive headlamp housings, with 'jewel-effect' detailing, that sweep up, arrow-like, to a point in the front fenders. Neat rear styling includes flush-mounted tail light clusters, each molded with two circular shapes, echoing a traditional Chevy twin light styling motif.

The svelte looks are backed by a competitive 0.31 co-efficient of drag and a build quality with attention to detail typical of products costing far more. A best-in-class fit and finish for panel gaps and shut-lines contribute to the quality, 'hewn from solid' appearance.

"This is a car with a strong, upscale character and a great stance," adds Taewan Kim. "We think it will stand out among its competitors."

Interior Design and Features


Conveying a sporty yet warm ambience, the five-seater cabin is typified by harmonious, flowing lines and the application of grained, soft-touch materials. It is a high quality execution that transcends the compact value segment.

Class-leading features include the flush fit of panels, with exceptionally tight gap tolerances, and generous rear passenger leg, head and shoulder room, despite Cruze's signature sloping roofline.

The core interior design theme is a modern expression of a traditional Chevy styling cue – the signature 'twin cockpit' layout of the Corvette, a motif designed to bringing driver and passenger closer to a 'shared' experience. On each side of the main fascia, there is a choice of colored fabric or grained vinyl panels, which are complemented by matching inserts in the seats and door trims.

The center point for the 'dual cockpit' symmetry is a neatly integrated center stack, housing the infotainment and air conditioning displays and controls. It is mounted at a shallow angle and has a flowing, free form which eliminates straight lines and the traditional 'picture framing' of panels.

Three-dimensional math modeling was used in the design of the main instrument cluster. The analogue dials are backlit by LED for clear, crisp illumination in white and ice blue.

Compared to the seats of its predecessor, the main improvements for Cruze are the use of a wire mesh construction to distribute weight more evenly, a firmer foam filling and deeper bolstering for the cushions and seat-backs, front and rear.

The fabric upholstery includes high quality French seam stitching that provides excellent durability and eliminates the possibility of a 'stretched-seam' appearance over time. Leather upholstery, with heated front seats, is an option for the top LT specification.

The range of fore/aft adjustment for the front seats has been extended by approximately 50 mm, giving the longest travel in the value compact segment.

Manually-controlled air conditioning is an option for base and standard with LS variants, while dual-zone automatic climate control is standard with LT specification. A particulate and odor filtration system that cleans the air entering the cabin is standard throughout the range, as is a heated rear screen.

An AM/FM/CD audio system, with RDS digital signaling, an MP3 playback facility and two-color graphic display, is standard for base and LS variants. The LT system adds an in-dash, six-CD auto-changer and a USB socket for an iPod in the center console. A DVD-based Navigation system is offered in all specifications and includes a 7-inch color map display, a segment 'first' for Chevrolet.
 

Structure and Safety Systems


Cruze's body structure is among the stiffest in its class, with a torsional rigidity 140% greater than that of its predecessor. This tight, strong structure is key to suppressing noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), as well as securing a good crash safety performance and optimal ride and handling properties.

The car has been co-operatively engineered at GM facilities in Germany, the United States, Australia and Korea. "In key areas, such the body structure, suspension, safety and electrical systems, we have drawn on GM 'best practices' around the world," says Peter Mertens, GM Global Vehicle Line Executive for compact cars.

The core structure is a unitary construction fabricated from steel beams, pressings and box sections, with an overall torsional rigidity of 17.66 KNm/degree of deflection. About 65% of the structure is composed of high-strength steels (HSS), approximately 50% more than in its predecessor. About 30% more spot welds are also used throughout the structure.

Efficient load paths provide maximum occupant protection in the event of an impact from virtually any direction. Full-length beams and enhancements to the sills, B-pillars and A-pillars, through the use of high-strength steels and tailored blank processing, all contribute to the vehicle's excellent crashworthiness.

The energy absorbing front and rear crumple zones are designed to deform as efficiently as possible in order to maintain the integrity of the passenger compartment, which is protected by a safety cage reinforced with tubular-section members that frame the door openings and support the roof. The combination of a single-piece side structure and ultra-high strength steel door beams also provides effective side impact protection.

At low speeds up to 4 km/h, the front and rear bumper skins are designed to absorb light impact energy, helping to minimize bodywork damage.

Apart from minimizing noise and vibration, a stiff structure also makes it easier to isolate residual powertrain, road and wind noise for even quieter cabin comfort. Cruze has achieved interior acoustic and wind noise ratings that are both among best-in-class for compact sedans in the value segment.

Three-point seatbelts are fitted for all five seating positions. Driver and passenger front airbags, side curtain roof rail airbags, front seat-mounted side airbags, and a collapsible pedal assembly are all fitted as standard. Active safety measures include the anti-lock braking (ABS), traction control (TCS) and optional Electronic Stability Control (ESC).

Powertrain


The all-new gasoline and diesel line-up comprises 1.6 and 1.8-liter, all-aluminum, gasoline engines, and a 2.0-liter turbo diesel unit with 16 valves.


Both gasoline engines feature variable valve timing on both the inlet and exhaust sides. The 1.6-liter engine develops 113 hp/83 kW maximum power at 6,400 rpm and peak torque of 153 Nm at 4,200 rpm.

The 1.8-liter version offers even more responsive performance, with 141 hp/104 kW at 6,200 rpm and peak torque of 176 Nm at 3,800 rpm, including 85% from just 2,000 rpm right up to 6,300 rpm. In terms of power output-per-liter, this engine is among the most efficient on the market.

With manual transmissions, these engines deliver zero to 100 km/h acceleration in 12.5 and 10.0 seconds, respectively, and fuel consumption over the combined cycle of 6.7 and 6.8 L/100 km.

The new, 16-valve, 2.0-liter turbo diesel, developing 150 hp/110 kW, adds power with even greater frugality. Impressive fuel economy – 5.6 L/100 km over the combined cycle – offers a potential driving range of over 1,000 km. It is fitted as standard with a maintenance-free exhaust particulate filter.

The common rail, multiple injection design includes variable geometry turbocharging (VGT). With strong torque of 320 Nm from just 2,000 rpm, this engine enables zero to 100 km/h acceleration in 10.0 seconds, and even more impressive in-gear performance, with 80-120 km/h in fifth gear in 12.5 seconds. It will be joined later in the year by a 125 hp/92 kW version.

The 1.6-liter engine is fitted as standard for base and LS variants, while the 1.8-liter is standard for LT and optional for LS. Both are available with a five-speed manual gearbox or a new six-speed automatic transmission, a segment 'first' for Chevrolet.

The 2.0-liter turbo diesel is fitted to LT variants only and the 125 hp/92 kW version will be offered for base and LS. Both these engines are available only with manual transmission.

For all engine applications, a universal front sub-frame, carrying the engine and transmission, is bolted in position via four rubber bushings. This 'isolated' mounting helps reduce the transmission of engine vibration and road noise into the cabin.

Suspension, Brakes, Steering


Cruze's suspension, braking and steering systems have been developed on European roads to meet European driving tastes. Striking a balance between agility and ride comfort, Cruze offers the driver a high degree of 'connectedness' while also delivering a relaxed and refined ride character.

Compared to its predecessor, Cruze benefits from a wider 'footprint' that contributes to more stable handling. The front track is increased to 1,544 mm (up by 64 mm) and the rear track to 1,558 mm (up 78 mm), while the 2,685 mm wheelbase is 85 mm longer. The proportionately greater increases in track enable an inherently better road-holding capability.

Front suspension is by McPherson strut, with side-load compensation to reduce sliding friction. The front sub-frame provides a firm location for the inboard mounting of the lower A-arms. Hydraulic bushings – a feature commonly found on more expensive vehicles – are used to give a higher degree of ride isolation and a more controlled absorption of road input loads.

At the rear, an advanced, compound crank (torsion beam) layout is used. Apart from enabling consistent wheel camber control, this suspension system offers savings in space and weight that are valuable for a compact segment vehicle.

The beam, double-walled and U-shaped in profile, is attached to trailing links through a patented, 'magnetic-arc' welding process. This production technology allows the beam's thickness and attachment angles to be varied according to different engine and vehicle weights, facilitating the fine tuning of roll-rate and roll-steer characteristics.

Disc brakes, ventilated at the front and solid at the rear, are fitted all round.


An all-wheel, anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control (TCS) and Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD), which controls front-to-rear braking effort, are fitted as standard (EU + 2 countries).

Electronic Stability Control (ESC), also standard (EU + 2 countries), uses both the ABS and TCS functions to gently counteract over-exuberance or misjudgments by the driver. It is also useful in helping the driver keep control during an emergency avoidance maneuver.

The rack-and-pinion steering is hydraulically power-assisted and fast-acting, with less than three turns of the wheel required lock-to-lock.

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Exterior Design


"We have taken a huge step forward with this car," says Taewan Kim, Vice President of the GM DAT Design Center in Korea. "Our goal was to be revolutionary, not evolutionary, and Cruze sees the launch of a completely new global design language for the Chevrolet brand."

Kim led a multi-national team of designers tasked with re-energizing the Chevrolet brand, introducing design features for Cruze that will be carried forward in all new products carrying the gold bowtie. At the same time, the team has leveraged the potential of traditional, signature Chevrolet design cues that will underline the car's brand identity.

The svelte, coupé-like looks are backed by a build quality and attention to detail typical of products costing far more. On a number of levels, Cruze represents a quantum leap forward for Chevrolet in Europe.

Wider and longer than its predecessor, Cruze has a purposeful, well-planted stance with its wheels located at the outer edges of the tautly drawn bodywork. The wide footprint is emphasized by a body shape that slopes inwards as it rises to the roof. A low, close-to-the-ground appearance is also reinforced by body-colored sills that extend the side body contours.

A best-in-class fit and finish for panel gaps and shut-lines, together with a restrained use of exterior trim, contribute to an upscale, 'hewn from solid' appearance. For example, door-to-door, door-to-fender, hood-to-fender, and lamp-to-fascia gaps are all 3.0 mm or less.

Clean and dynamic looks


An arching roofline, extending from the steeply raked windshield into the slim
rear pillars, is the defining exterior feature of Cruze. Combined with a relatively short rear deck, it brings four-door coupé-like looks to this market segment for the first time. "The roofline is like the shape of a long bow being drawn back before release," explains Taewan Kim. "It contributes to the car's strong dynamic appeal."

The design team took great care to ensure this is a car that looks good irrespective of wheel size. All wheel/tire diameters are kept constant at 670 mm, which means the gap between tire and wheel arch is the same whether 16 or 17-inch wheels are fitted. Viewed from the front or rear view, the same wheel-out/ body-in relationship is also preserved through compensating wheel offsets.

A distinctive concave shoulder line that flows uninterrupted along the sides of the car into the rear deck lid is set to become a new signature Chevy design cue for future products. Its visual appeal is strengthened by body sides that are free from moldings or trim for a clean, uncluttered appearance.

In profile, attention to detail is evident in the way the sloping line of the rear pillar is visually extended by the shape of the wraparound rear light cluster and the rising top face of the rear bumper molding.

The door handles, body-colored for LS and LT variants, have been tuned for a solid feel and give a satisfying, upscale ‘click' when the door is released.

Fresh face


At the front, the signature dual-port grille is covered with a black honeycomb finish and split by a body-colored crossbar that carries Chevy's gold bowtie with a new air of self-confidence. The narrow, upper grille section is neatly formed by a cut-out in the front edge of the hood. In LS and LT specification, both grille openings are framed in matt chrome.

The distinctive headlamp housings extend, arrow-like, to a narrow point along the top of the front fenders, enhancing the Cruze's dynamic appeal. The clear polycarbonate outer lenses accommodate 'jewel effect' light detailing, with twin halogen bulbs deeply set within their bright finished pods. A contrasting, piano black background adds depth and an upscale appearance uncommon in the segment.

"The narrow point at the rear edge of the lamp units was an important feature for the front styling," explains Dave Lyon, North American Design Director. "In keeping with the rest of the car, this had to be as flush as possible. This wasn't easy to achieve, given the different curvatures of the bodywork elements and the fine point of the molding."
 
The hood is heavily sculpted along its sides to integrate with the swept headlamps and the concave shoulder line rising from the front of the fenders.

The frontal design is completed by lower, trapezoidal air intake and black, outer recesses to accommodate optional front fog lamps. In shape, these elements counterbalance the main grille and headlamp units, giving the front of the car a focused, symmetrical appeal. A pliable, narrow lip spoiler is integrated into the bottom edge of the front fascia.

Chevy identity


At the rear, the flush-mounted tail light clusters are molded with two circular shapes in each unit, echoing a traditional Chevy twin light styling motif, even more evident when they are illuminated. A shelf-mounted rear stop light using 12 light emitting diodes (LED) adds to the car's upscale statement.

The trunk lid continues the flowing lines of the concave shoulder feature and incorporates an integrated spoiler sculpted in its rear edge. The lid can be released externally via an electric touchpad when the ignition key is in the car.

Attention to detail is exemplified by the careful shaping of the fuel filler flap, which includes both the concave form of the shoulder line and the positive curvature of the side body. "Beauty is sometimes not so easy to achieve," says Dave Lyon. "We had quite a few conversations with our engineering colleagues because a flap like this is quite expensive to make and it's more difficult to get a snug fit. But the location of the filler pipe was fixed and our concave body form was non-negotiable, so it was worth going the extra mile."

The sleek, streamlined appearance of the Cruze not only appeals to the eye. A highly competitive 0.31 drag co-efficient also benefits aerodynamic performance and fuel consumption.

Summing up Cruze's visual appeal, Taewan Kim adds: "We wanted to make a more dynamic, self-confident statement for the Chevrolet brand. When you look at this car, there's no feeling of blandness – it's very technical and refined in its execution with interrelating surfaces that contribute to a very clean, crisp look."

"This is a car with a strong, upscale character and a great stance. We think it will stand out among its competitors."

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Interior Design and Features


The interior design of the Cruze reflects the upscale looks and quality of its exterior.

Conveying a sporty yet warm ambience, the cabin is typified by harmonious, flowing lines and the application of grained, soft-touch materials. It is a high quality execution that transcends the compact value segment.

The spacious interior can comfortably accommodate five adults. Careful design has ensured that rear passengers will enjoy class-leading leg, head and shoulder room, despite the Cruze's signature sloping roof-line.

While delivering the key attributes of comfort, functionality and spaciousness, Cruze's interior designers and engineers paid close attention to creating a cockpit environment that is welcoming. "We wanted to convey a feeling that was upscale and sporty, yet relaxing in character," says Sangtak Choi, Interior Design Director.

Underpinning the high level of refinement is the flush fit of interrelated elements and exceptionally tight gap tolerances. In the center stack, for example, the gaps between components are less than 1 mm, a standard of finish comparable to any interior in the industry. Instrument panel-to door gaps are also less than 5 mm, again among the best in the industry.

'Twin Cockpit' decor theme


The core interior design theme is a modern expression of a traditional Chevy styling cue – the signature 'twin cockpit' layout of the Corvette, a motif designed to bringing driver and passenger closer to a 'shared' experience.

For Cruze, this approach now translates into an innovative choice of colored fabric or grained vinyl panels each side of the main fascia, with matching inserts in the seats and door trims. In this way, the front fascia also becomes more integrated, extending the look and feel of the rest of the interior.

"You could say this is our 'wow' factor," says Choi. "We have moved away from false wood and metallic film finishes. The choice of a fabric or grained insert gives the cockpit a more natural, youthful feel. It's very different from anything else on the market."

A refined, low gloss look, with a grained, soft touch finish, is given to the front fascia surfaces above and below the 'twin cockpit inserts, as well as all the upper door moldings.

The overall result is an upscale interior with clean, interrelating surfaces supplemented by quality fabrics and materials. It is expressive of craftsmanship, without being ostentatious or unnecessarily fussy. "We wanted to bring a new level 'coolness' to the segment," adds Choi. "The interior conveys poise and confidence in a slightly understated way that still won't go unnoticed."

Integrated center stack


The center point for the 'dual cockpit' symmetry is a neatly integrated center stack, housing the infotainment and air conditioning displays and controls. It is mounted at a shallow angle and has a flowing, free form which eliminates straight lines and the traditional 'picture framing' of panels.

The upper portion of the stack is sculpted into the main fascia and provides infotainment displays. Under this, the panel for infotainment and HVAC controls is presented in either a matt or high gloss piano black finish, depending on trim level.

In up-level specifications, a consistent 'U'-shaped accent trim, in matt silver or molded-in film, helps to visually balance the interior. This is applied across the upper portion of the center stack, including the center air vents, and to the sides and lower portion around the gear shift, as well as the lower part of the steering wheel spokes.

 

Main instrument cluster and steering wheel


Three-dimensional math modeling was used in the design of the main instrument cluster. The hooded speedometer and tachometer analogue dials, with subsidiary fuel/temperature gauges, are backlit by LED for clear, crisp illumination in white and ice blue. An optional, seven line driver information display, with amber or ice blue text, is also located between the main dials.

Attention to detail is evident in the way a faint blue glow is emitted at night from the sides of the cluster to provide a warming ambient light.

The three-spoke steering wheel has a thick rim for enhanced grip and feel and is leather-trimmed in up-level specifications. Tilt and height adjustment is standard in LS and LT specification. Buttons on the center spokes for the remote operation of the audio system are also standard with LS, and additionally with cruise control for LT specification.

Seats and upholstery


In line with the rest of the interior, seating comfort and appearance is expected to be among the best in class.

Compared to the seats of its predecessor, the main improvements for Cruze are the use of a wire mesh construction to distribute weight more evenly, a firmer foam filling and deeper bolstering for the cushions and seat-backs, front and rear.

Seat upholstery is either fabric or leather. The base woven seats are covered in a heavier fabric than previously used. It has a matt sheen finish with an 'interlink' pattern. LS and LT variants feature a knit (mesh) weave on a color backing to give a two-dimensional appearance. For all variants, the front and rear seat inserts are color-matched to the choice of front fascia inserts.
The seats are finished with French seam stitching that has been benchmarked against the best offerings in the world. The result is not only a detailed, high-end upholstered appearance, but also excellent durability that eliminates the possibility of a 'stretched-seam' appearance over time.

Four-way adjustable (up/down and fore/aft) front seats, with two-way adjustable headrests are fitted as standard. The range of fore/aft adjustment for the seats has been extended by approximately 50 mm, giving the longest travel in the value compact segment. Three headrests are also fitted to the rear seat-back.

Heated leather seats, with three levels of warmth adjustment for the front occupants, are an option for LT variants. The seats feature a heavier, grained hide for the inserts and a smoother grain for the bolsters.

Upscale quality is also reflected in the headlining of the Cruze's cabin. Unlike traditional felt applications, a woven material has been selected that is more commonly found on higher-end luxury vehicles. It is tactile, eliminates 'furring' and provides a clean, taut surface.

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)


Manually-controlled air conditioning is optional for base and LS variants. Dual-zone automatic climate control is standard with LT specification, including air recirculation and a moisture sensor. The system maintains a constant, programmed temperature by switching seamlessly between heating and air conditioning modes. A sensor monitors the ambient temperature in the cabin and an electronic controller adjusts the system's operation to maintain the desired climatic condition.

A variable expansion valve is an enhancement which replaces a fixed orifice tube, allowing the expansion rate of the refrigerant gas to vary so it can adjust to load changes. The valve adjusts for operating conditions so temperature levels can be maintained more precisely, an important benefit for occupant comfort. It also maximizes the cooling process, allowing the air conditioning system to function at an efficient level, even in stop/go traffic conditions or at idle.

In designing the HVAC system, computational fluid dynamic calculations were used to ensure air velocity can be optimized, while keeping operational noise to a minimum. This included optimizing air vent sizes – larger vents need less velocity – and ensuring air flows are precisely balanced among the outlets.

A pollutant and odor filtration system is standard throughout the range. Filters within the HVAC system clean the air entering the passenger cabin, reducing particulates associated with asthma, shortness of breath, or bronchitis, for example. A heated rear screen is also standard fit across the range.

Infotainment


An AM/FM/CD system, with a single disc operation and an MP3 playback facility, is fitted as standard for base and LS variants. It includes radio digital signaling (RDS), a two-color graphic text display and a digital clock In base specification, the four channel amplifier plays through two front door-mounted, 6.5-inch speakers and two 0.75-inch tweeters in the A pillars. LS and LT systems add two rear door-mounted speakers. The LT system also adds an in-dash, six-CD auto-changer and a USB socket for an iPod in the center console.

The DVD-based Navigation system is offered in all specifications and includes a 7-inch color display, a segment 'first' for Chevrolet.

Storage and Convenience


Conceived as a family car, Cruze offers a plentiful array of onboard storage and convenience facilities. The main features are:

  • A large center console incorporating CD storage, an adjustable dual cup-holder and an auxiliary power outlet. An armrest is added for LS and LT specification, the latter also including the USB input for an MP3 player or iPod.
  • A 62 mm deep recess above the center stack for oddment storage (covered in LS and LT variants)
  • Door pockets large enough to hold a 1.5-liter bottle (front) or 500 ml bottle (rear)
  • A large two-tier glovebox with illumination
  • A small driver's side storage compartment and overhead glasses holder
  • Seat-back pockets large enough to carry books, road atlases or slim laptops
  • 60/40 split fold rear seat-backs with dual cup-holders in the center armrest
  • Convenience hooks in the rear and the trunk
  • Interior lighting with delayed entry/exit and theater dimming. Rear courtesy lights, front footwell and front map reading lights
  • Power door locks and electrically-operated windows with an express-down function.
  • Retained accessory power, enabling operation of the windows, audio or sunroof for 10 minutes after the ignition is switched off
  • A generous, 450-liter illuminated trunk, 10% larger than that of its predecessor

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Chassis, Suspension, Steering, Brakes


Out on the open road, Cruze delivers the dynamic promise of its looks. The suspension, braking and steering systems have been developed on European roads to meet the driving tastes of European buyers. That means striking a balance between agility and ride comfort, offering the driver a high degree of 'connectedness' while at the same time giving the car a relaxing and refined character.

Key enablers of these characteristics are: a stiff body structure, suspension systems tuned to offer a smooth ride and responsive handling, steering with a solid on-center feel, and the use of larger disc brakes front and rear.

Front suspension is by McPherson strut, with side-load compensation to reduce sliding friction. At the rear, a compound crank development of the torsion beam offers space and weight savings, while allowing precise tuning.

Solid Structure


At the heart of Cruze is a unitary body structure that is as tight and stiff as any in its class (for details, see Body Structure and Electrical systems section). This gives the car a solid, upscale feel and provides a fixed, reliable starting point for fine tuning of the suspension.

An isolated front sub-frame, used to mount the engine, also provides a firm, predictable location for the lower A-arms of the front suspension and helps to further minimize the transmission of road noise and shocks into the cabin.

Compared to its predecessor, Cruze benefits from a wider 'footprint' that contributes to more stable handling. The front track is increased to 1,544 mm (up by 64 mm) and the rear track to 1,558 mm (up 78 mm), while the 2,685 mm wheelbase is 85 mm longer. The proportionately greater increases in track enable an inherently better road-holding capability.

Front suspension


The McPherson struts feature side-load compensation, with uniquely shaped springs that reduce the sliding friction caused by bending loads on the strut under compression. Side load compensation has also enabled the front wheels to be located further outboard, helping stability as well as looks.

Hydraulic bushings for the lower A-arms attachments to the sub-frame – a feature commonly found on more expensive vehicles – give a higher degree of ride isolation and a more controlled absorption of road input loads. To reduce unsprung weight, the A-arms are made of aluminum.

Maximum wheel travel was a goal for ease of tuning and good ride characteristics. The strut system yields a very competitive 76 mm of jounce travel from road shocks and rebound travel is also restricted to a competitive 96 mm.

The hollow section, anti-roll bar combines reduced mass with maximum stiffness. The 25 mm diameter bar is attached to the front section of the sub-frame and each end is connected to the strut via a direct-acting link rod to maximize its effectiveness.

Rear suspension


This features a specifically adapted compound crank (torsion beam) with a double-walled, U-shaped profile. It is attached to the trailing links, slightly ahead of the rear wheels, forming a shallow 'H' pattern in plan view.

The design combines all the space-saving advantages of a conventional torsion beam axle with low weight and consistent wheel camber control.

A key enhancement is a patented 'magnetic-arc' welding process, used to attach the beam to the trailing links. This production technology enables the thickness of the torsion beam to be varied and different attachment angles between the beam and the trailing links. These variables allow the adjustment of roll-rate and roll-steer characteristics according to different engines and vehicle weights.
 
The use of larger, 68.5 mm bushings at the forward mounting points of the trailing links further reduces noise and vibration. Intensive development of the beam's twisting characteristics has also led to an increased rear wheel steer effect, further improving the responsiveness of the chassis.

Another benefit of the compact rear axle layout is that it contributes to a lower center of gravity. The 60-liter fuel tank fits low down between the wheels, enabling a lower positioning of the rear seats.

Steering


The rack-and-pinion steering is hydraulically power-assisted and designed for responsiveness, with good on-center feel and driver feedback. The rack is mounted low down at the rear of the front sub-frame and supported by two tuned rubber mounts.

The steering is fast-acting, with less than three turns of the wheel required lock-to-lock. The vehicle's turning circle is a relatively tight 10.9 meters curb-to-curb.

The steering wheel is adjustable for both rake and reach.

Braking system


Disc brakes are fitted all round, 276 mm, ventilated at the front and 268 mm, solid at the rear, for the base model. On up-level variants, front/rear disc sizes are increased to 300/292 mm. Single piston calipers are fitted all round.

The asbestos-free brake pads are designed for improved wear, reduced brake noise and enhanced pedal feel through low compressibility. Aluminum front and rear brake knuckles are corrosion protected and assist in reducing vehicle mass, enabling improved fuel economy.

The all wheel, anti-lock braking system (ABS) uses input from wheel speed sensors to individually regulate braking at each wheel for reduced stopping distances, maximum stability and improved steering in heavy braking situations.

Front-to-rear braking effort is controlled through Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD), which uses independent rear control for improved stability and braking during cornering, as well as a more effective use of the rear brakes when carrying greater loads.
 
The Traction Control System (TCS) is fitted as standard (EU +2 countries) and uses both brake and engine torque interventions to optimize traction during take-off and acceleration in all road conditions. The ABS electronic control unit detects impending wheel slip and signals the powertrain to adjust engine torque output accordingly and/or momentarily applies either of the front brakes.

Electronic Stability Control (ESC), also standard together with TCS, uses both the ABS and TCS functions to gently counteract over-exuberance or misjudgments by the driver. It is also useful in helping the driver keep control during an emergency avoidance maneuver. The system uses data from a yaw sensor, lateral accelerometer and steering angle sensor to help ensure the vehicle follows the direction of the front wheels. Individual brakes may be applied selectively to control any oversteer and understeer and/or the electronic throttle opening is reduced.

Safety Systems


A strong, crashworthy structure backed by passive and active safety systems makes Cruze among the safest vehicles in its class.

The effectiveness of the structural design and its occupant protection systems is reflected in an expected high level EuroNCAP crash safety rating for Cruze. It is also expected to achieve the highest ratings in front and side crash tests conducted by the US Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). And it will meet 2010 standards in the United States for rollover performance, the structure being able to withstand 2.5 times its own weight.

Side curtain roof rail airbags, seat-mounted side airbags and a collapsible pedal assembly are fitted as standard, in addition to driver and passenger front airbags. Active safety measures (described in the Chassis section) include anti-lock braking (ABS), traction control (TCS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC).

Crashworthiness


Efficient load paths in body structure provide maximum occupant protection in the event of an impact from virtually any direction. Full-length beams and enhancements in the sill areas, B-pillars and A-pillars, through the use of high-strength steels and tailored blank processing, all contribute to the vehicle's excellent crashworthiness.

The energy absorbing front and rear crumple zones are designed to deform as efficiently as possible in order to maintain the integrity of the occupant compartment.

The bumper beam, longitudinal rails and the front sub-frame form the vehicle's front crumple zone, which bears the brunt of an impact. The rails are made of high strength steel and absorb energy while carrying the highest loads possible as they collapse. The hydro-formed front sub-frame, used to carry the engine, has structural foam in the front of its side rails, which also helps them maintain high loads as they deform.

The transition zone, which consists of the lower A-pillars and the instrument panel's steel cross-beam, distributes residual impact energy around the passenger compartment.

The safety cage is reinforced with tubular-section members that frame the door openings and support the roof. The floor pan, sill box sections, center tunnel, A- and B-pillars and the front mid-rails also support the front crumple zone and redirect energy away from the occupant compartment.

The combination of the single-piece side structure and ultra-high strength steel door beams provides effective side impact protection.

The rear of the structure is designed to protect the fuel tank and its connections.  Like the front crumple zone, it is designed to absorb impact energy. The molded fuel tank is located low down between the rear longitudinal rails and is capable of recovering from compression without rupturing.

Additional rear impact loads are resisted by a strong rear suspension cross-member, which also helps transfer loads to the sill areas after the rear longitudinal rails have deformed. While most national test standards are based on a rear impact at 50 km/h, GM's own requirements include rear impacts of up to 80 km/h at an angle, not just straight on.

At low speeds, up to 4  km/h, the front and rear bumper skins are designed to absorb light impact energy, helping to minimize bodywork damage. At higher impact speeds, the bumper beams start to engage.

Occupant protection systems


Three-point seatbelts with pre-tensioners are fitted for all five seating positions. Front occupants benefit from a load-limiting function to reduce peak chest loadings during a heavy impact. The seatbelt buckles are attached to the front seat frames, for automatic fore/aft adjustment in line with the seating position, and an adjustable B-pillar fixing also provides greater comfort.

In addition to driver and front passenger airbags, side airbags are mounted in the outboard edges of the driver and front passenger seat-backs to provide thorax and pelvis protection. It is possible to switch off the front passenger airbag, a useful feature if the seat is unoccupied or a child seat is being used. Both front seats also have adjustable headrests to help provide whiplash protection in a rear impact.

Head-curtain airbags are installed in the roof rails between the A and C-pillars for additional head and neck protection of both front and rear occupants. As the bags inflate, they cover the pillars and side windows.

The vehicle's Sensing and Diagnostic Module (SDM) controls the deployment of the airbags and seatbelt pre-tensioners according to input from sensors in the front bumper and B pillar. It determines the severity and location of an impact, and in what combination to deploy the front airbags and/or the side airbags, head-curtain airbags and the pre tensioners. For example, side airbags must be inflated even more rapidly than front airbags, due to impact proximity, and the SDM deploys them within five milliseconds in a car-to-car collision and within 15 milliseconds in a slower-speed impact, such as when sliding into a tree or roadside telegraph pole.

Other occupant protection measures include a collapsible pedal assembly, which folds away in moderate-to-severe frontal impacts to reduce intrusion into the driver's foot space, and the use of energy absorbing materials for head protection in strategic areas of the pillars, header and roof rails.

Child safety seats can be secured in any of three rear seat positions. In compliance with ISOFIX standards, two steel loops are provided for a child seat attachment at each rear outboard seating position. A set of three top tether anchors on the rear surface of the back seat also provide secure attachment of a child seat in a central position.

Pedestrian Protection


Refinements to the design of the hood reduce the likelihood of a pedestrian's head striking the hard engine structure underneath in the event of an impact with the vehicle. This is achieved by providing more space between the hood and engine block, and designing hood hinges that spring upward – raising the hood in the process – during such impacts. The hood is also designed to be more 'crushable'.

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Body structure and electrical systems


The design appeal of Cruze is, of course, more than skin deep. Its body structure, for example, is among the stiffest in its class, with a torsional rigidity 140% greater than that of its predecessor.

A tight, stiff body structure is key to achieving excellent running refinement, suppressing noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), as well as optimal ride and handling and a good crash safety performance.

Cruze has been co-operatively engineered at GM facilities in Germany, the United States, Australia and Korea. "In key areas, such the body structure, suspension, safety and electrical systems, we have drawn on GM 'best practices' around the world," says Peter Mertens, GM Global Vehicle Line Executive for compact cars.

Solid foundation


The stiff body structure gives Cruze a solid, upscale 'hewn from solid' feel. On the road, it makes a major contribution to eliminating unwanted squeaks, rattles, vibrations and resonances.

The core structure is a unitary construction fabricated from steel beams, pressings and box sections. The overall torsional rigidity of 17.66 KNm/degree of deflection is among the best in Cruze's competitive class. To put that figure in perspective, the body structure is as strong as a meter long rod, fixed at one end, would need to be to bend just one degree under the weight of a fully-laden large car – or a small elephant – placed on the other end!

About 65% of the structure is composed of high-strength steels (HSS), approximately 50% more than in its predecessor. Most are used in critical areas, such as the front and rear structures, longitudinal rails and side sills, to increase overall strength and stiffness. However, more important is how the structural elements of the body connect and interact in sharing the load-bearing task. The strength of a good design is far more than simply the sum of its parts.

Compared to Cruze's predecessor, about 30% more spot welds are used throughout the structure, reducing spacings from 50 to 30 mm. The result is enhanced long-term rigidity and durability. Tailored-blanks, which concentrate extra strength and weight only where required, are also used throughout the underbody.

Reinforcing members run either side of the central tunnel along the entire length of the floor pan. Including box sections formed from HSS, this sub-structure helps create a stronger longitudinal 'backbone' down the center of the vehicle.

The side structure features two large, single-piece body pressings, including both door openings. The inner and outer stampings are welded together and cannot vary by more than 2 mm in size at any one point. The use of tailor-welded blanks also allows extra strength to be strategically placed in critical areas around the door openings. Here steel thickness can vary between 0.7 and 1.0 mm.

Apart from giving a stiffer, more rigid body structure, these side pressings enable the exterior body panels to be fitted more accurately, helping to give the tight, upscale fit and finish that characterizes Cruze's exterior looks. They also contribute to consistent sealing around the doors and windows.

The A-pillars are constructed of HSS sections with a wall thickness of 1.7 mm, about 20% greater than before, which helps improve the rigidity of the upper structure, as well as crashworthiness.

Running refinement


Apart from minimizing noise and vibration, a stiff structure makes it easier to isolate residual powertrain, road and wind noise for even quieter comfort inside the cabin. Cruze has achieved interior acoustic and wind noise ratings that are among best-in-class for compact sedans in the value segment.

To deliver such optimal cabin comfort, the body structure incorporates a host of refinements aimed at delivering a hushed, acoustic environment.
 

Isolated front sub-frame


Used to mount the engine and transmission, the sub-frame is isolated from the main structure by four rubber mountings. This minimizes the amount of road noise and powertrain vibration entering the cabin, while also facilitating ride and handling tuning.

The lower motor compartment side rails, carrying the sub-frame, are extended into the two main longitudinal members in the cabin floor. This helps to further dissipate powertrain noise and vibration, while also reducing the vibrations passengers may typically feel in their feet through the floor pan.

Acoustic mats


The front bulkhead is sandwiched by two large, sound deadening mats. On the cabin side, a 25 mm thick rubber mat is tightly buttoned to the metal, while on the engine compartment side, pre-formed fiberglass insulation 10 mm thick is used. All openings for wiring and cables are as small as possible and closed off with composite grommets.

Another pre-formed fiberglass sheet is fixed to the underside of the hood as a further barrier to the transmission of engine noise. In addition, pliable rubber seals along the hood sides, and between the rear edge of the hood and air induction panel, ensure a snug fit and supplementary noise abatement.

Baffle package


In order to reduce the transfer of airborne noise through hollow sections in the structure, composite nylon baffles are installed at key points. These result in a noise reduction of 40 decibels throughout the entire structure. The baffles are molded to fit each specific location. The sections are effectively sealed off by the use of foam adhesive that expands when the body passes through paint ovens during manufacturing.

Door insulation


Refinements include a fiberglass blanket inside the doors that serves as a water, airflow and noise barrier. All doors incorporate triple-layered sealing, which includes the lower edges and also the trailing edge of rear doors. Secondary seals are also door-mounted, rather than fixed to the body, ensuring an enhanced appearance around the door openings and pillars. Within the doors, all apertures are closed off with composite grommets to reduce noise, vibration and airflow into the passenger compartment.

Five-layer acoustic headliner


The headliner is of thermal fiber design uncommon in the compact value category. It incorporates a three-layer polyethylene/felt section for superior sound isolation and a two layer polyurethane outer skin for an upscale, woven fabric appearance.

Melt-on damping patches


These are strategically applied to damp interfaces between small body sections that can resonate or vibrate over time. The patch material – similar in look and viscosity to tar – permeates the smallest crevices in the structure. The patches are applied in the body shop and melt into place when the body passes through paint ovens. Compared to conventional patches, applied only with adhesive, the melt-on process ensures perfect conformation. The result is a 10-40% damping performance improvement compared to material adhesively applied.

Carpet module


The interior carpeting – precisely formed to the shape of the floor pan for a superior fit – incorporates a composite underlay and thick, 14-ounce carpeting material. Due to its precise fit, the carpet module eliminates any gaps between the surface of the floor pan and the carpet. This effectively damps noise and vibration coming through the bottom of the vehicle.

Rear isolation


A number of measures have been taken in the rear section of the body – primarily around the trunk area – to reduce the transfer of noise into the rear passenger area. These include: a trunk fully lined with a thick-walled (10-20 mm) acoustic material; liberal use of 'cotton shoddy' (made from recycled blue jeans!) between the trunk lining and rear body structural components; a deck lid liner made of compressed fiberglass inset into the underside; an acoustic mat on the trunk floor.

 

Extensive sealing


The body is extensively sealed with a variety of sealants, including pumped sealant applied as foam, squirt-on sealers and welded sealers, to eliminate the minutest of gaps. The widespread attention to sealing joints is another major contributor to interior quiet, comfort and durability.

Wheel arch liners


Composite liners inside all four wheel arches help damp noise when driving on wet roads or any loose, gravel-like surface.

Electrical and Electronic Network


Within the body structure, a high and a low-speed CANBUS (Controller Area Network) connects control modules and ensures that information is communicated and shared. These electronic data buses are the 'nerve system' that operates the car, while numerous sensors are the 'nerve endings' of the architecture.

Just one or two wires carry digital messages between microprocessors. This technology offers great benefits in weight saving, reliability, data transmission capacity and diagnostics.

The high-speed data bus has the capability to communicate virtually instantaneously, at approximately 50 times the speed of systems used in the past. It handles critical control areas, linking modules responsible for anti-lock braking (ABS), engine and transmission control and Electronic Stability Control (ESC).

The low-speed data bus handles the remaining modules responsible for instrument panel controls, entertainment and information applications, comfort and convenience features, occupant protection functions and personalization settings.

Each module reviews information sent via the data network, deciphers it, then sends the appropriate command(s) for its functional area.

 Integrated body control module (IBCM)


This is basically the heart of the electrical system, acting as a gateway between the high-speed and low-speed data buses. The IBCM performs multiple functions, including converting signals from high-speed to low-speed and relaying information and requests between the two data buses, e.g. remote start requests, engine oil life resets, airbag status, and outside air temperature.

The IBCM also controls many functions operating on the low-speed bus, often interfacing with other modules on the system. Some of these functions include:
exterior lighting control, including Daytime Running Lamps (DRL), window wiper/washer control, battery run-down protection, driver information display, vehicle theft protection, interior lighting, backlight dimming, door locking/unlocking and rear-window control.

Rain sensitive wipers

The sensing system automatically starts the wipers when precipitation is detected on the windshield. It operates at one of five sensitivity settings, selectable by the driver.

The system uses a glass-mounted infrared sensor inconspicuously positioned behind the rearview mirror. The sensor continually sends infra-red beams against the windshield to detect the presence of rain drops, snow or sleet. Once precipitation is detected, the system automatically adjusts the wiper speed according to the rain's intensity. (Option, standard with LT)

Rear Ultrasonic Park Assist


Four sensors, located on the rear bumper fascia, send out ultrasonic waves when reversing at low speeds and pick up the echo of a signal when it bounces off an object. Triangulation is used to determine the relative distance, based on the elapsed time between the outgoing signal and its return. LED read-outs notify the driver of rear object proximity. (Standard for LS and LT, option for base)

Headlamp delay system


Two functions are available. The headlights can be set to switch on automatically during darkness and switch off during daylight. The headlights can also stay on for up three minutes after leaving the parked vehicle, providing useful illumination in dark locations, for example.

Engine immobilization

A transponder in the ignition key transmits a coded signal to a receiver near the ignition switch and if the code is not verified the vehicle's Body Control Module (BCM) will not allow the engine to start.

Alarm system (optional)

This includes sensors to detect glass breaking or any attempt to open the doors, trunk or hood. The vehicle's horn is immediately sounded in the event of any such intrusion.

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Engines and Transmissions


The all-new engines and transmissions for Cruze feature advanced technologies focused on optimizing both power and fuel economy. Whether the choice is gasoline or diesel, Cruze offers significant powertrain enhancements new for Chevrolet Europe, such as variable valve timing on both exhaust and inlet sides and the introduction of a six-speed automatic transmission.

The four-cylinder, 1.6 and 1.8-liter gasoline engines produce 113 hp/83 kW and 141 hp/104 kW respectively, the larger unit being among the most efficient on the market in terms of output-per-liter. The new 2.0-liter turbo diesel, developing 150 hp/110 kW, adds power with even greater frugality. It will be joined later in the year by a 125 hp/92 kW version.

The 1.6-liter engine is fitted as standard for base and LS variants, while the 1.8-liter is standard for LT and optional for LS. Both are available with a five-speed manual gearbox or the new six-speed automatic transmission. The 2.0-liter turbo diesel is fitted to LT variants only and the 125 hp/ 92 kW version will be offered for base and LS. Both these engines will be available only with manual transmission.

1.6/1.8-liter gasoline choice


The performance of these latest-generation, four-cylinder, 16-valve engines is characterized by strong pulling power, even at low engine speeds, and high levels of efficiency, with respective power outputs per liter of 71 hp/52 kW and 78 hp/57 kW.

Both engines feature full variable valve timing to optimize the charge cycle. The benefits include: a higher power output and more torque over a wide engine speed range; reduced emissions due to greater exhaust gas recirculation, and improved fuel consumption.
 
The 1.6-liter engine develops 113 hp/83 kW maximum power at 6,400 rpm and peak torque of 153 Nm at 4,200 rpm, with 85% of this value available between 2,000 and 6,000 rpm. The 1.8-liter version offers even more responsive performance, with 141 hp/104 kW at 6,200 rpm and peak torque of 176 Nm at 3,800 rpm, including 85% from just 2,000 rpm right up to 6,300 rpm.

With manual transmissions, these engines deliver zero to 100 km/h acceleration in 12.5 and 10.0 seconds, respectively, and fuel consumption over the combined cycle of 6.7 and 6.8 L/100 km.

The main technical features include:

Camshaft phasing
This enables variable valve timing by allowing the intake and exhaust camshafts to twist relative to the crankshaft. Compact, lightweight hydraulic vane type phasers continuously vary the angle of the camshafts against the crankshaft by up to 60° on the inlet side and 45° on the outlet side.

Reduced weight
The new engines are approximately 3% lighter than the previous generation, despite the addition of camshaft phasing and stiffening of the aluminum cylinder head and cast-iron block. The cylinder block alone is 20% lighter, weighing just 27 kg.

Increased strength
Higher power outputs also require engine components with greater strength and durability. As a result, the engines include a new crankshaft design, new aluminum pistons with oil spray cooling, and modified steel connecting rods with a floating piston pin bearing.

Improved engine cooling
The water jackets in the cylinder head and block have been redesigned, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD – computer simulation), to give improved coolant flow, speed and distribution. A lower water cooling temperature also helps fuel efficiency by reducing heat loss through the block and cylinder walls. A new map-based thermostat has a lightweight composite housing for reduced mass and heat dissipation.

Optimized oil circulation
The integration of an oil/water heat exchanger – a module consisting of a heat exchanger and oil filter mounted on the cylinder block – ensures maximum inter-cooling of the oil with a minimum loss of pressure. For cold starting, the oil also warms up faster to reduce internal friction. Dedicated bores in the cylinder block and head provide oil lubrication of the cam phasers.

Variable intake manifold (1.8-liter engine)
The two-step intake manifold uses a rotary sleeve – rather than a flap-switching device – to minimize air flow resistance at higher speeds. Compared to conventional manifolds, where unequal length inlets contribute to a harsh engine noise, the constant length runners enable an improved tonal quality.

Improved exhaust catalysts
To meet Euro 5 emissions requirements, the total converter volume has been increased to 2.2 liters, split between a 1.2 liter close-coupled catalyst and a new 1.0 liter underfloor unit. The slight increase in exhaust gas back-pressure has been used to optimize exhaust emissions further through a more even distribution of the exhaust gas flow.

Low maintenance

Measures contributing to lower running costs include: timing belt change intervals every 10 years or 160,000 km; piston-cooling oil jets which help increase engine longevity and extend maintenance intervals; the use of nickel-tipped spark plugs for increased replacement intervals of 60,000 km; and a coil-on-plug ignition system to give greater reliability and lower maintenance requirements.

2.0-liter Turbo Diesel


Impressive fuel economy – 5.6 L/100 km over the combined cycle – and strong performance are the main benefits of the 2.0-liter turbo diesel option. This engine offers a driving range of over 1,000 km between fill-ups and is fitted as standard with a maintenance-free exhaust particulate filter designed to meet Euro 4 emissions standards.

Developing 150 hp/110 kW at 4,000 rpm and strong torque of 320 Nm from just 2,000 rpm, this 16-valve engine enables zero to 100 km/h acceleration in 10.0 seconds, and even more impressive in-gear performance, with 80 – 120 km/h in fifth gear in 12.5 seconds.

The main technical features include:

Common rail, multiple fuel injection
Operating at 1,600 bar pressure, this sophisticated system delivers optimized injection pulse timings and fuel spray quality within the combustion chamber. Improved fuel economy, reduced emissions and quieter running are the main benefits.

Variable geometry turbocharger (VGT)
The pitch of the vanes within the electronically-controlled turbocharger is continuously varied according to engine load and speed, giving an excellent throttle response, particularly during pick up from low speeds.

Running refinement

A dual mass flywheel reduces low frequency resonance and a counter-rotating balancer shaft within the oil sump significantly reduces noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). The sump is also lined with polyurethane foam to further minimize NVH.

Improved exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
The electronically-controlled EGR system has an additional cooling function. Electro-pneumatically operated bypass flaps, controlled by the engine management system, ensure that the exhaust gas reaches a temperature suitable for combustion on its way back into the cylinder. This contributes to increased power, as well as reduced emissions.

Other refinements
Oil-jet cooled pistons for durability and performance; an aluminum cylinder head for mass reduction and superior NVH characteristics; threaded intake ports for exceptional fuel 'swirl' and burn characteristics; an engine block water jacket with horizontal ribs for efficient cooling characteristics.

Transmissions


All engines are fitted as standard with five-speed manual gearboxes. An all-new automatic transmission, offered for gasoline engines only, is Chevrolet's first six-speed application in the compact value segment.

Manual gearboxes

The manual gearbox for gasoline engines incorporates triple cone synchronizers for first and second gears, giving an enhanced engagement for smooth and easy shifting. Needle bearings for all gears also ensure low friction gear meshing and a new rod and cable system provides the driver with an improved shift quality.

The five-speed unit for the turbo diesel engine uses double cone synchronizers for first and second gears and single cone synchronization for third, fourth, fifth and reverse. All are coated with carbon for a smooth engagement.

New six-speed automatic

The on-axis design of this new Hydra-Matic transmission provides more compact packaging, allowing enhanced crumple zone performance, increased interior space, and a lower hood line than possible with a conventional off-axis design.

Instead of the transmission being 'folded' around the end of a transversely-mounted engine, the gear sets are now on the same axis as the engine crankshaft centerline, which makes the entire powertrain unit much shorter fore-to-aft.

Shifts are accomplished by applying and disengaging clutches simultaneously, saving space compared to 'freewheeling' gear change mechanisms. Sophisticated electronics enable the precision needed to time the operation of the clutches for each shift, although the first-to-second change uses a freewheeling mechanism in view of the large ratio difference.

The torque converter uses a single plate lock-up clutch with electronic control to help dampen engine vibrations and ensure smooth running.

On the road, adaptive shifting control includes automatic grade braking, which commands the transmission to remain in a lower gear if the vehicle is decelerating or coasting on a down slope. This reduces the need for the driver to brake during a descent. The control module receives input monitoring brake pedal usage, the vehicle acceleration rate, throttle position, and even whether a trailer is connected.

The wide overall ratio spread allows a 'steep' first gear for a brisk take-off, as well as a 'tall' overdrive top gear for economical highway cruising at low engine speeds.