2007 Toyota Aygo

Specifications
  • Make: Array
  • Model: 2007 Toyota AYGO
  • Horsepower: 68@6000
  • Torque: 93@3600
  • [do not use] Vehicle Model: Array


Its name stems from a combination of the two syllables ‘I’ and ‘go’, to symbolise freedom and mobility. The AYGO has been designed to offer independence for a new European generation. This refers to the type of active and urban individual who likes to just get up and go, taking full advantage of an environment where borders and distances are practically non-existent. Plus, it offers a quality superior to any other car in the sub-B segment. In short, the AYGO is about easy, yet dynamic, urban mobility.


In July, the AYGO will be introduced to the key metropolitan areas of Athens, Barcelona, Berlin, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Rotterdam – these are the cities with the highest density of young adults. In September, Brussels and Dublin will follow, and, one month later, the rest of Europe will experience the AYGO way.


Toyota wants to adopt a different lifecycle management approach, where new initiatives will be conducted every six months. For instance, a new diesel engine will be available from the beginning of 2006. Furthermore, Toyota is planning to launch several special editions, combining new colours with other unique features.


Design

Rejecting commonly held stereotypes that compact should only mean pragmatic and economical, the dynamic design of the AYGO re-defines the perceptions of what small can be. The AYGO is also very much a Toyota car. Hence, certain design features like the bulge on the bonnet around the Toyota badge, or the triangular quarter window, help bring out the Toyota in the AYGO. Dynamic architecture is key to the AYGO’s design and it’s this that sets it apart from all other urban vehicles.


The AYGO designers had the speedboat cabin in mind when they styled the interior. The design tries to capture some of these qualities - mainly the sporting side and fun aspect, as well as comfort and high quality. Colour and trim are based on the concept of “Innovative and Accessible”. Inspired by sportswear, the material is not just extra-durable, but the quality and texture hints at “premium”.


Practicality and equipment

The AYGO impresses with a long wheelbase and the shortest overhangs among direct competitors, allowing for a much better use of interior space. The distance between front and rear hip-point is also the biggest in comparison with direct competitors.


The luggage compartment offers 139 litres of space. This is further complemented by 25 litres of storage offered by door pockets, 8 trays, 3 cupholders and a coin case.


The AYGO customer can choose between the AYGO and the upgraded AYGO+ (Plus). Both come with a generous range of goodies as standard. The AYGO comes standard with ABS and electric power steering, something still unusual in the sub-B segment.


Keyless entry, power windows and central locking are added as standard on the AYGO+. Furthermore, four enhancement packs have been developed to create the ideal AYGO+ for every customer.



Body and chassis

With only 3,405 mm body length, the AYGO is the one of the shortest 4-seaters on the market. If you add to that a very tight turning radius (4.73 m), this means the new AYGO has all it takes to manoeuvre around narrow city streets, taking those tight parking spots where not many other cars can fit in.


The front suspension is derived from the Toyota Yaris, but adapted to the requirements of this platform. At the rear, we can find a torsion beam, but adopting an inverted-V profile - a solution that brings considerable advantages in weight and torsional stiffness.


All AYGOs come standard with Electric Power Steering (EPS), which is also speed-sensitive. Furthermore, the EPS is up to 3% more fuel-efficient than a conventional hydraulic system.


The AYGO’s braking system is fitted with 247 mm ventilated discs at the front and 200 mm drums at the rear. These are complemented by the latest generation Bosch ABS8, featuring an EBD (Electronic Brake-force Distribution) system.


Powertrains

Toyota engineers developed a brand new 1.0-litre VVT-i petrol engine, adopting a 3-cylinder configuration. This lightweight unit weighs only 67 kg, which makes it the lightest internal combustion engine on the car market today. In addition, it is not only the most powerful 1.0-litre around (68 DIN hp/50 kW), but is also class-leading in specific torque (93 Nm at 3600 rpm). When equipped with the 1.0-litre, the AYGO’s combined fuel consumption is the

segment’s lowest for petrol engines, at 4.6 litres per 100 kilometres. The same can be said for CO2 emissions – only 109 g/km.


At the beginning of 2006, the Toyota AYGO will also be available with a 1.4-litre diesel engine, supplied by PSA Peugeot Citroën. The 1.0-litre VVT-i engine will be available with a  Multi-mode Manual Transmission (M-MT), Toyota’s manual transmission driven directly by electric

motors.


Safety

Toyota aims to achieve an excellent impact protection score in the sub-B segment with the AYGO. The car features Toyota’s own Minimal Intrusion Cabin System (MICS), a safety structure that effectively reduces the risk of serious injury during impact.


The sturdy safety structure is complemented by front, side and curtain (front and rear) airbags. Front airbags come standard on every model and side and curtain airbags are available as of the entry grade.


Although a rare feature in the segment, the AYGO offers on all its versions a driver seatbelt warning system (with buzzer reminder) as standard.


The AYGO’s headlights have a class-leading illumination range - more than 80 metres (low beam) - providing a safer night cruising around city spots. Other items, like a passenger airbag cut-off switch, rearview mirrors with interior adjustment, rear wiper and defogger, are also standard for all models, contributing to a higher level of safety.



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Design

Thinking on fun and enjoyment

  •  Challenging commonly held stereotypes that compact should only mean pragmatic and economical
  •  Featuring a clear Toyota family feel
  •  5-door bodytype retains the same dynamic look of the 3-door version
  •  Class-shortest overhangs
  •  Designers inspired by speedboat cabin when styling the interior
  •  Dashboard adopts an innovative geometric graining
  •  Colour and trim are based on the concept of “Innovation and Accessible”


Exterior

  •  Focus on fun and enjoyment
  • Featuring a clear Toyota family feel
  •  Class-shortest overhangs

Challenging commonly held stereotypes that compact can only mean pragmatic and economical, the AYGO sets out to re-define preconceived notions of what small can be. Instead, the designers have focused on the fun aspect that in fact only a condensed package can achieve. The Toyota AYGO therefore outlines a new territory by introducing new experiences in small car design.


The AYGO is also very much a Toyota car. Hence, certain design features like the bulge on the bonnet around the Toyota badge, or the triangular quarter window, help bring out the Toyota in the AYGO. Dynamic architecture is key to the AYGO’s design language and it is this aspect that sets it apart from all other urban vehicles in its class.


The car sits confidently on the road thanks to the wide front and rear bumpers. The coloured corner-protectors and 14” wheel caps enhance the dynamic look, as well as hint at the superior quality utilised throughout the car. Symbolic simplicity has been achieved most notably from behind, where the round style and wide-positioned rear combination lamps add to the purity of the design.


In a unique design expression, the 5-door bodytype was designed to keep the same dynamic look of the 3-door as much as possible. When seen in profile, 3 and 5-door versions look virtually identical, which benefits customers that need the versatility of a 5-door but, at the same time, can’t do without the dynamic appeal of a 3-door hatchback.


In addition, the class-shortest overhangs and cab-forward design realise a compact exterior and an unexpectedly roomy cabin space.




Interior

  •  Inspiration from speedboats
  •  Steering column and meters built as a whole
  •  Figure-hugging front seats

Japanese urban living successfully combines small living-quarters with roomy interiors. The AYGO sets out to do the same. This small car offers a light and wide cabin space made possible by the manipulation and juxtaposition of material, such as a clever curvy glass hatch that opens from a low position allowing for natural light to flow inside, and thus creating an airy and open feel in the interior.


The AYGO designers had the speedboat cabin in mind when they styled the interior. The design, therefore, tries to capture some of these qualities - mainly the sporting side and fun aspect, as well as comfort and high quality. The instrument panel is compact and two-tone, to enhance an unexpectedly wide and open space. The cylinder shaped heater control unit, and simple, modern meter graphics add to the feeling of fun and enjoyment, inviting the user

to look and touch, and creating a new sense of interaction between user and vehicle. Steering column and meters are built as a whole, allowing the driver to combine the best steering wheel adjustment with optimal meter readability.


Spacious and modern seats

Toyota has introduced a new geometric graining on the dashboard, not only emphasizing the beauty of the material, but also setting new standards in terms of scratch-resistance, clean-ability, and anti-ageing.


The door trim intentionally retains the colour of the exterior body panels to bring inside a more lively and sporty feel. This is reinforced by the execution of the steering wheel and gearshift lever. Colour and trim are based on the concept of “Innovation and Accessible”. Inspired by sportswear, the materials are not just extra-durable, but the quality and texture hints towards “premium”.


The modern and clean design of the front seats intends to create a figurehugging effect, inviting the driver to immediately feel as part of the car. The seat trim is not only extra durable, but also high quality.


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Practicality and equipment


Convenient and sophisticated

  •  Highest front-rear hip-point distance in the segment
  •  164 litres of storage space in total
  •  ABS and electric power steering are standard across the range
  •  External audio devices can be connected to the audio system through an auxiliary socket
  •  Enhancement packs provide additional customisation possibilities
  •  The Tom Tom AYGO is a clever and affordable navigation system
  •  The AYGO is available in three exclusive shades at launch: Ice Blue, Anthracite Grey and Fire Red


The AYGO’s interior was developed to accommodate passengers of all sizes, even the very tall. Most innovatively, meters are mounted on the steering column so that the position changes according to the steering column angle, thus improving visibility for all drivers.


The AYGO impresses with the shortest overhangs among direct competitors, allowing for a much better use of interior space. The distance between front and rear hip-point is also the

biggest in comparison with direct competitors.


Furthermore, head clearance in the front seats can rival B segment cars. The same is true for the size of the front-door opening in the 5-door version. Special attention was paid to the ease of access to the rear seat in the 3-door version. A space of 230 mm at the foot area is created between the B pillar and the front seat to facilitate ingress and egress.


The luggage compartment offers 139 litres of space simultaneously housing a spare tyre. This is further complemented by 25 litres of storage offered by door pockets, 8 trays, 3 cup-holders and a coin case. This makes a total of 164 litres of storage space.


There’s an AYGO for everyone

  •  Enhancement packs
  •  An exclusive Tom Tom AYGO
  •  Three trendy body colours

The AYGO customer can choose between the AYGO and the upgraded AYGO+ (Plus). Both come with a generous range of goodies as standard. The AYGO comes standard with ABS and electric power steering, something still unusual in the sub-B segment.


A wide choice of options is also available, including air-conditioning, special safety packs and an audio system with 2 speakers, CD player and digital clock. The system’s maximum output is 35 W x 4 and it also features an automaticallycontrolled loudness function.


All units come with a connection socket that allows an external device like an MP3 or mini-disc player to be plugged in. This means the driver will have complete freedom to enjoy his/her favourite urban tunes everywhere, whether driving around the coolest places in town or taking their AYGO beyond city limits.


Customers can further customise their AYGO+, thanks to four different enhancement packs:

  •  Sound pack – The audio CD tuner is equipped with 6 speakers (2 front, 2 rear, 2 tweeters), providing an excellent sound experience, especially for those who put a great tune above everything.
  •  Sports pack – Fog lamps, integrated in the bumper, tachometer and sporty 5-spoke alloy wheels (14-inch) provide a meaner look that will allow the AYGO driver to make the difference in the ‘urban jungle’.
  •  Travel pack – Includes a glovebox bag, duffle bag on wheels and rucksack, all developed together with the renowned Samsonite brand. Ideal for people always on the move, seeking to discover the world through high-quality but inexpensive travel solutions.
  •  Mobility pack – Includes the Tom Tom AYGO, a compact, easy to use navigation system. It is equipped with advanced features like voice guidance, touch-screen and full map view, creating a clear differentiation from the conventional turn-by-turn systems. This option will offer some additional goodies like a 3-year package (including warranty and map updates), bodycoloured screen frames, and complete dashboard integration.
    These will allow the AYGO drivers to navigate easily around intricate urban environments. The AYGO is available in three exclusive shades at launch: Ice Blue, Anthracite Grey and Fire Red - all colours that reflect a cool, ‘sporty-yet-refined’, active image.





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Powertrains

Performance, economy and sophistication

  •  1.0-litre VVT-i petrol engine developed by Toyota
  •  The lightest internal combustion engine on the car market – 67 kg
  •  Class-leading values of specific power and torque (68 DIN hp and 93 Nm on a 1-litre)
  •  Segment’s lowest combined fuel consumption and CO2 emissions amongst petrol engines
  •  1.4-litre diesel engine
  •  Supplied by PSA Peugeot Citroën, available from early 2006
  •  All-aluminium construction
  •  Clever engine mounting system reduces levels of noise, vibration and harshness
  •  Toyota’s Multi-mode Manual Transmission is available on the 1.0-litre

All-new Toyota 1.0-litre, 3-cylinder VVT-i

  •  Lightest engine on the market – 67 kg
  •  Class-leading values of specific power and torque
  •  Segment’s lowest fuel consumption (for petrol engines)

This entirely new petrol engine features the latest technologies to return classbeating levels of performance, fuel economy and low emissions. One of the development targets of this engine was to achieve a low weight. Besides featuring an all-aluminium construction, the cylinder bores adopt an extra slim design, with only 7 mm spacing between them – the lowest ever in a Toyota engine. Furthermore, the air intake system and engine cover are integrated into a single module, which is also a first for Toyota.


Other items, like the throttle body and the fuel injection ramp are now produced in resin instead of metal. As a result, the weight of the new 1.0-litre was cut down to 67 kg, which makes it the lightest internal combustion engine on the car market today.


This unit is not only the most powerful 1.0-litre around (68 DIN hp/50 kW), but is also class-leading in specific torque (93 Nm at 3600 rpm). In order to ensure better driveability in urban conditions (where acceleration and deceleration constantly take place), the development team wanted the new unit to provide higher levels of low to mid torque than the current 1.0-litre fitted in the Yaris. This led to a full optimisation of the intake system, setting a correct manifold length and a smaller diameter for the intake ports. Better antiknock

performance was also achieved through the use of longer spark plugs, in cooperation with VVT-i, which continuously sets the right valve timing to produce both high torque at low speeds and more power at higher revs. The reduction in the number of cylinders (from 4 to 3) also leads to a superior availability of torque in low to mid range.


High fuel economy and low emissions are also part of the equation. For this purpose, engineers started by reducing friction losses: pistons adopt a new resin coating and thin, low-tension piston rings. By slightly offsetting the crankshaft, it is possible to reduce the angle of the connecting rod and consequently minimise friction between piston and bore. The adoption of a 3-cylinder configuration also contributes to a decrease in friction losses through a reduction in the number of moving parts.


As a result, the AYGO’s combined fuel consumption is the segment’s lowest for petrol engines at 4.6 litres per 100 kilometres. The same can be said for CO2 emissions – only 109 g/km.


1.4-litre diesel engine

  •  Supplied by PSA
  •  Full aluminium construction

At the beginning of 2006, the Toyota AYGO will also be available with a 1.4-litre diesel engine, supplied by PSA Peugeot Citroën. This all-aluminium unit develops 54 DIN hp and is derived from the already recognised 1.4-litre 70 DIN hp unit, installed in Peugeot and Citroën vehicles.


Clever engine mounting system

  •  Contributes to a reduction in NVH
  •  Torque rod absorbs rotational movement

A revolutionary engine mount system is used on both engines to drastically lower the amount of noise and vibration. Instead of the conventional 3-mount layout, the AYGO features an engine mount on each side, which draws an imaginary line intercepting the engine’s centre of gravity. Furthermore, the third engine mount (placed at the bottom of the engine compartment) is replaced by a torque rod that efficiently suppresses the engine’s rotational movement.


M-MT transmission

  •  Available on 1.0-litre engine
  •  Allows both automatic or sequential gearchange
  •  Matching manual transmission on fuel efficiency

Multi-mode Manual Transmission (M-MT), Toyota’s manual transmission driven directly by electric motors, is now available in the AYGO. The system has automatic clutch operation and offers the choice of automatic mode (E) and sequential mode (M), to suit the driver’s needs. It enhances the AYGO’s natural abilities, by allowing an easier, more relaxed drive in urban conditions, with fuel efficiency matching a manual transmission.


In addition, this M-MT benefits from ?TA (Delta Throttle Acceleration) logic. When pressing the accelerator pedal briskly, the M-MT ECU (Electronic Control Unit) will promote a downshift in order to improve acceleration. On sudden accelerator lift-off, the ECU will keep the correct gear for engine braking instead of upshifting. This logic ensures a more natural operation, delivering better driving pleasure.


The M-MT ECU also adopts a special shift control for uphill or downhill driving. On uphill, it will select the correct gear, avoiding unnecessary upshift and downshift.


On downhill travelling, the transmission constantly monitors braking and deceleration, downshifting to a suitable gear in order to produce additional engine braking.




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Body and Chassis


Intelligent construction

  •  Adopting a high content of high-tensile and galvanised steel
  •  Very short exterior length and tight turning radius, largely facilitating city manoeuvring
  •  Segment’s widest front and rear treads favour driving pleasure
  •  The AYGO comes standard with 14-inch wheels
  •  Suspension adopts McPherson geometry at the front and a new torsion beam at the rear
  •  Speed-sensitive electric power steering is standard on all models
  •  Equipped with Bosch’s latest generation ABS system, standard across the range
  • Built to last
  •  High content of high-tensile steel
  •  12-year anti-rust warranty
  •  Better anti-chipping protection

With the AYGO, Toyota is not only focused on providing 24/7 driving fun, but is also intent on bringing into the segment its high standards of superior quality. Most of the body adopts galvanised steel, which allows Toyota to offer a 12-year anti-rust warranty. More than 50% of the bodyshell adopts high-tensile steel, especially employed in key areas in order to improve torsional stiffness and impact protection.


High-tensile steel features a higher yield tensile strength than conventional steels (45 kgf/mm2 vs. 28 kgf/mm2). Its application throughout the body allows not only higher stiffness but also lower weight by using thinner sheet metal. In addition, the rocker panel cross-section has been enlarged, which not only favours a more solid appearance but also provides better anti-chipping protection.


The right dimensions

  •  Segment’s best manoeuvrability
  •  Widest treads in the class
  •  14-inch wheels as standard

Urban living requires a car that is both practical and easy to park. The AYGO responds to this with compact exterior dimensions that favour the chaotic city environment – with a 3,405 mm body length, this is one of the shortest 4-seaters on the market. If you add to that a very tight turning radius (4.73 m), this means the new AYGO has all it takes to manoeuvre around narrow city streets, taking those tight parking spots where not many other cars can fit in.


In addition, the AYGO also features the shortest overhangs in this class. By pulling the wheels to each corner of the body, engineers intend not only to make a better use of interior space, but also to give the car more stability at higher speeds.


Toyota believes the AYGO to be not just a city challenger, but also a strong performer beyond city limits. It features the widest front and rear treads amongst sub-B cars (1,420 mm at front and 1,410 mm at the rear), which means higher stability going around bends or dealing with quick lane-change manoeuvres.


Furthermore, the AYGO also comes with 14-inch wheels and 155/65 R 14 tyres as standard.


Suspension

  •  McPherson geometry at the front
  •  New torsion beam at the rear

Front suspension

The front suspension is derived from the Toyota Yaris, but the development team has worked extensively to adapt it to meet the requirements of this platform. It adopts a McPherson configuration with L-shaped arms, now featuring a higher caster angle and improved anti-dive characteristics. However, the shock absorbers’ damping rate and coil spring characteristics have been optimised, which provides better driving comfort.



Rear suspension

At the rear can we find a torsion beam that adopts a totally new design in comparison with Yaris’. The AYGO’s torsion beam introduces a transversal bar with an inverted-V profile. This solution brings considerable weight advantages in that it doesn’t require an independent stabiliser bar, as this is now integrated in the transversal beam.


In addition, the trailing-arm bushing now makes an angle with the axle, creating a toe-correction action.

 

Steering

  • Speed-sensitive EPS as standard
  • Steering wheel tilt adjustment system
  • EPS can reduce fuel consumption up to 3%

All Toyota AYGOs come with Electric Power Steering (EPS) as standard, which represents a major advantage in city traffic, or when an emergency demands fast manoeuvring. In addition, the EPS steering is speed-sensitive, receiving information directly from the ABS speed sensors. This allows a light steering feel at low speeds (privileging city drive and parking) and a firmer response at high speeds, assuring a stable reaction in these conditions. In addition, a steering wheel tilt adjustment system is also incorporated on all AYGOs.


Furthermore, the EPS is up to 3% more fuel-efficient than a conventional hydraulic system. This is possible because the EPS is only active when necessary. In a conventional system, the hydraulic pump is permanently activated by the engine.


EPS also decreases steering wheel flutter, kickback and brake vibration, by damping the impacts transmitted by the suspension.


Brakes

  •  ABS with EBD standard across the range
  •  247 mm ventilated discs at the front

The AYGO’s braking system is fitted with the latest generation Bosch ABS8 system, featuring an EBD (Electronic Brake-force Distribution) system that effects an optimal front-rear brake force distribution. This adapts braking performance to every circumstance, as, for instance, when carrying rear passengers or luggage. The ABS actuator is also 36% lighter and more compact than in previous systems.


Having a latest-generation ABS system represents an advantage over other cars in the segment. Furthermore, the AYGO is equipped with active speed sensors which are more precise than passive sensors, and able to monitor lower speeds and reverse movement. However, the main news for those aiming to buy an AYGO is that ABS comes as standard across the range. The AYGO features 247 mm ventilated discs at the front and 200 mm drums at the rear. This provides adequate stopping power for a vehicle weighing only 790 kg.




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Safety

  •  Equipped with a latest generation ABS as standard equipment
  •  The AYGO’s headlights have a class-leading illumination range
  •  The AYGO aims at an excellent score in Euro NCAP tests
  •  Featuring Toyota’s own Minimal Intrusion Cabin System
  •  Available with front, side and curtain (front and rear) airbags
  •  A buzzer-supported seatbelt warning system is standard on all models
  •  An ISOFIX system is standard on models equipped with 50/50 split rear seats
  •  Focusing on pedestrian protection


Quality, the foundation of Toyota’s product DNA, takes on its most visible expression in the AYGO in the form of clever ideas that contribute to the highest levels of safety in the sub-B segment.


Active safety

  •  ABS with EBD standard across the range
  •  Class-leading range illumination

The AYGO is equipped with the latest generation Bosch ABS8, the same equipment adopted by many other higher-segment cars. It also features EBD (Electronic Brake-force Distribution). Both these features come standard with every AYGO. The AYGO’s headlights have a class-leading illumination range - more than 80 metres (low beam) - providing safer night cruising around city spots.


Other items, like rearview mirrors with interior adjustment, rear wiper and defogger are also standard for all models, contributing to a higher level of safety.


Passive safety

  •  Minimal Intrusion Cabin System
  •  Available with front, side and curtain airbags
  •  Seatbelt warning system with buzzer

The AYGO features Toyota’s own Minimal Intrusion Cabin System (MICS), a safety structure that effectively reduces the risk of serious injury during impact. MICS works according to the principle of quickly dissipating front or side impact energy through the safety structure, before it causes high levels of passenger injury and reduction of survival space.


To achieve this, the AYGO features a thicker rocker panel, reinforced centre tunnel and two protection bars on each door – the usual diagonal bar plus a thicker one located at the belt line – a unique feature in this segment.


In the event of a frontal crash, impact energy is conducted through the front side members to the A pillar, rocker panel, centre tunnel and side bars, and through these, to the rear section of the body. This way, energy is absorbed by the bodyshell as a whole, not stressing any component in particular.


Energy dispersion in the event of a frontal crash

An identical procedure occurs in the case of a side impact. Energy is conducted not only through the side bars and rocker panel, but also through a large-section floor crossmember (connected to the rocker panel through a massive bulkhead), the B pillar and two roof crossmembers. This way, the energy can be quickly diverted to the other side of the body and rapidly dissipated.


Energy dispersion in the event of a frontal crash

The MICS principle was previously adopted in the Avensis and Corolla Verso, both achieving 5 stars in the Euro NCAP tests. With AYGO, Toyota aims to achieve a 4-star performance in the Euro NCAP crash tests.


The sturdy safety structure is complemented by front, side and curtain (front and rear) airbags. Front airbags come standard on every model and side and curtain airbags are available as of the entry grade.


Other safety features find a place in the AYGO interior as standard equipment, like seatbelt pre-tensioners for front seats and a passenger airbag cut-off switch. Although a rare feature in the segment, the AYGO offers on all its versions a driver seatbelt warning system (with buzzer reminder) as standard. This feature gains particular importance after analysing road accident statistics: usually, 50% of all fatal victims were not wearing a seatbelt.


An ISOFIX system is standard on both outer seats in vehicles equipped with the 50/50 rear folding system. The same applies to the detachable rear headrests.


Being specifically conceived to cope with urban environments, the AYGO pays a great deal of attention to pedestrian protection. Key areas of the front section feature energy absorption structures that minimise injury in the event of an impact with a pedestrian. Such is the case with the bumper reinforcement. In addition, in order to reduce the load on the pedestrian’s knee joints, the engine undercover is attached to the bumper’s lower section in order to form a second absorption structure.


Head injuries are minimised through an additional impact absorption structure featured in the bonnet and support brackets installed in the wings.